Terms You should know about Mental Health 31~42    

3.Mental Health

xxxi.

Oppositional-Defiant Disorder

A disorder of early to middle childhood that may evolve into a conduct disorder, usually diagnosed before the age of twelve; children with oppositional defiant disorder defy adult rules, are angry, and often lose their tempers.

xxxii.

Panic Attack / Panic Disorders

A stress-related, brief feeling of intense fear and impending doom or death, accompanied by intense symptoms such as rapid breathing and pulse, sweaty palms, smothering sensations, shortness of breath, choking sensations, and dizziness. Sufferers often consult physicians many times thinking they are having a heart attack or asthma attack.

xxxiii.

Personality Disorders

Psychological disorders in which people have trouble adapting to situations or are unable to get along with others. Often, the behavior is difficult to change despite aging, different environments, and medication, and often cause serious difficulties for the disordered individual.

xxxiv.

Phobia

Persistent fear of specific things or situations such as dogs, insects, snakes, driving, heights, tunnels, bridges, thunderstorms, or flying.

xxxv.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD)

An anxiety disorder that occurs in response to an abnormal psychologically distressing event (military combat, sexual assault, natural disasters, severe auto accidents). The essential features of PTSD include continued flashbacks, nightmares and intense distress when exposed to an object or situation that is related to the traumatic event.

xxxvi.

Psychosis / Psychotic Disorders

An extreme mental disturbance where people are entirely removed from reality, including irrational behavior, hallucination and delusions. The disturbance may have either psychological or organic causes. Childhood schizophrenia and autism are forms of psychosis.

xxxvii.

Schizophrenia

A psychotic disorder in which people have delusions, hallucinations, incoherent word associations, inappropriate emotions, or lack of emotions. It is characterized by serious disturbances of thought and perception, which cannot be attributed to brain damage.

xxxviii.

Self-Harm (self-mutilation, self-injury, cutting, etc.)

When someone purposefully injures his or her own body in various ways, such as cutting, scratching, bruising or burning themselves. Self-harm is not suicidal behavior. They are not trying to end their lives, but they find that hurting themselves relieves tension, counter a sense of numbness, distract them from problems or otherwise cope with emotional discomfort.

xxxix.

Social Phobia

Persistent anxiety regarding social or performance situations, such as public speaking, meeting new people, going to parties, etc., due to a fear of embarrassment. These fears can drive sufferers to drop out of school, avoid making friends, or lose their job.

xl.

Speech Disorders

Oral communication that exhibits poor or abnormal use of the vocal system. Speech is unintelligible or so inferior that it draws attention to itself and causes anxiety, feelings of inadequacy, or inappropriate behavior in the speaker.

xli.

Tourette's Syndrome

A neurobiological disorder characterized by tics (involuntary, rapid, sudden movements, such as eye blinking, head jerking, shoulder shrugging, etc. and/or vocal outbursts that occur repeatedly such as throat clearing, barking noises, sniffing, tongue clicking, etc.). The symptoms change periodically in number, frequency, type, and severity - even disappearing for weeks or months at a time.

xlii.

Trichotillomania (TTM)

An impulse-control disorder which causes people to feel an irresistible urge to pull out the hair on their scalp, eyebrows and other parts of the body, resulting in noticeable hair loss. Usually symptoms first appear in early adolescence, but it may affect people of all ages and seems to worsen under stress and result in social distress and other things.